Science Project

According to demand of modern era,here various tpe of science project are available.


1. How to Make an Anemometer

An anemometer is a device that is used to measure wind speed. There are many different types of anemometers suited for different environments, situations, and measurements. A cup anemometer is a basic type of measuring device, while newer, more accurate anemometers can make use of lasers and ultrasonic measuring technology.

A cup anemometer is commonly called a Robinson anemometer. It uses cup-like shapes to catch the wind, causing the device to spin. How many times it spins in a given time interval can tell you how fast the wind is moving. In this experiment, we'll learn how to make an anemometer and calibrate it.

Objective: Learn how to make an anemometer.

Materials:

• 5 small paper cups
• Hole punch
• Scissors
• Duct tape
• 3 thin wooden dowels
• Empty water bottle
• Stopwatch

Procedure:

1. Use the hole punch to make a hole in the side of each of the 4 paper cups.
2. Use the hole punch to make 4 holes spaced evenly around the rim of the last cup. This will be the center of the anemometer.
3. Slide 2 of the wooden dowels through the holes in the center cup. They should cross in an “X.”
4. Insert the ends of the dowels into the holes of the other cups and tape them into place. Make sure the cups are all facing the same direction.
5. Take the last wooden dowel and make a hole in the bottom of the center cup.
6. Push the dowel up until it meets the X and tape everything together. This will be your rotation axis.
7. Put the center dowel into an empty water bottle and begin testing!

To calibrate your anemometer:

1. On a windless day, have an adult drive you down the street at 10 miles per hour.
2. Hold the anemometer out the window and count the number of rotations in 30 seconds.
3. However many times your anemometer spins in 30 seconds will correspond roughly to wind blowing at 10 miles per hour.

Why?

Calibrating your anemometer gives you a basis to compare your collected data. For example, if your anemometer spins 10 times in 30 seconds on your 10 mile per hour test run, then you know in the future that 10 spins in 30 seconds means the wind is going 10 miles an hour. If you want to be even more accurate, you can calibrate at many different speeds and make a chart of your results.

Measure how fast the wind blows.

2.How are fingerprints transferred and analyzed?

Materials

• Transparent tape
• Desk lamp
• Magnifying lens

Procedure

1. Tear off about 1 inch (2.5 cm) of transparent tape and stick it across the tip of your index finger.
2. Remove the tape from your finger.
3. Hold the tape so that the light of the lamp shines through the tape.
4. Examine the tape by looking at it through the magnifying lens.
5. Identify the pattern formed by your fingerprint by comparing it with the three basic fingerprint patterns: whorl, loop, and arch.

Results

A copy of your fingerprint is left on the sticky side of the tape.

Why?

Your body has two layers of skin. The outer skin is called the epidermis, and the deeper second layer of skin is called the dermis. The boundary between the dermis and the epidermis is not straight and smooth; it consists of small folds. These folds produce a series of ridges and grooves in areas where the skin is thick: the palm of the hand, sole of the foot, and fingertip, for example. The patterns formed by the ridges on the fingertips are calledfingerprints. There are three basic fingerprint patterns-whorl, loop, and arch—but no two people have been found with exactly the same fingerprints. Beneath the surface of the epidermis are oil—producing glands. A thin layer of oil from these glands collects on the fingertips. When the tips of your fingers touch anything, a little oil in the form of a fingerprint is left.

Try It With A Microscope

Microscope Procedure

1. Place a piece of transparent tape on a microscope slide and observe the tape under low power. This will make you familiar with the magnified surface of the tape so that you will not mistake it for part of your fingerprint.
2. Rub the sharpened end of a pencil across a sheet of paper 15 to 20 times to collect a layer of graphite on the paper.
3. Rub your index finger across the graphite on the paper.
4. Tear off about 1 inch (2.5 cm) of tape and stick it across the graphite on your finger.
5. Remove the tape and stick it to a second, clean microscope slide.
6. Slowly move the slide around as you observe it under low power.

Microscope Results

The surface pattern of the tape can be seen beneath the wide rows of black clumps of graphite. A single row of graphite covers most of the viewing field. The rows are not in straight lines, but curve.

Let's Explore

1. Do each of your fingers have the same fingerprint pattern? Repeat the original experiment, examining the prints from each fingertip. Science Fair Hint: Make an outline of each hand on separate sheets of typing paper. Rub the fingerprint of each of your fingers in powdered paint. Collect the colored fingerprints with clear tape as before. Place each piece of tape on the corresponding finger in the hand diagrams. Identify the pattern for each fingerprint taken. Use the diagrams as part of a science fair display.
2. How do fingerprints of the same basic pattern differ? Use a magnifying lens to compare the prints from two people with the same basic fingerprint pattern. Determine the differences in the prints.

Show Time!

Does everyone in the same family have the same basic fingerprint pattern? Prepare print samples from the index finger of each family member. Ask each person to press his or her finger against an ink pad and then against a sheet of typing paper. Label the print with the person's name and relation to you. Prepare a poster with the prints, and use them as part of a project display.

3.Sun Print: How Solar Energy Creates Chemical Changes

Energy from the sun doesn’t just warm us, it can also create chemical changes. Photosensitive paper (solar print paper or the like) is coated with a chemical that changes color when it’s exposed to certain wavelengths in sunlight. See how blocking the sun’s light can stop those changes from happening!

Problem:

How can sunlight create chemical changes?

Materials:

• Direct sunlight 3-5 small objects
• Sheet of photosensitive paper
• Timer or clock
• Tub or large pan of water

Procedure:

1. Collect between three and five small objects. Ones that are heavy for their size will be less likely to be blown around if you’re doing this outdoors. It’s also interesting if at least one of the objects is transparent or translucent.
2. Pull the piece of photosensitive paper out of its package, set it in the sun blue side up, and quickly arrange your objects on it.
3. Leave the paper undisturbed for two minutes. It should be pale blue at this point; if not, go ahead and leave it a little while longer, but be careful not to leave it too long.
4. Take the objects off of the paper and dunk it in the tub of water. Leave it in there for one minute to wash the chemicals off, then take it out and hang it up or lay it flat to dry.
5. Observe the paper. Can you see silhouettes (flat shapes like shadows) of the objects that you put on the paper earlier? If you used a translucent or transparent object, is the silhouette sharper or fuzzier? Anywhere the sunlight touched the paper should be solid blue; anywhere where an object blocked the sun’s rays and kept them from affecting the chemical on the paper should be white.

4.

Source:Internet

<a href="http://www.instaforex.com/?x=IVSK">InstaForex</a>

ALL BEST SOLUTION